Correlation of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder Versus Their Neurotypical Siblings at the Central Teaching University Hospital of the Armed Forces

Abstract

Gastrointestinal Disorders (GIDs) are common comorbidities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although their relationship has not been fully elucidated. Comparing children with ASD to their neurotypical siblings allows exploration of this association while accounting for shared genetic and environmental factors. Objective: To analyze the association between gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric patients with ASD and their neurotypical siblings. Methods: A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection was conducted. The sample included 40 participants aged 2 to 16 years: 20 patients with ASD and 20 neurotypical siblings, evaluated between January and May 2025 at the Central Armed Forces Teaching University Hospital. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on the Rome IV criteria and administered to parents or caregivers. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results: Ninety-five percent of children with ASD presented at least one gastrointestinal symptom, compared with 20% of their neurotypical siblings (χ² = 20.05; p < 0.001). Constipation was the most frequent symptom (50%), followed by abdominal pain (25%), excessive gas (25%), and diarrhea (15%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were more severe in the ASD group, with severe manifestations reported in 15.8% of cases, whereas no severe symptoms were observed in the control group. Conclusion: ASD was significantly associated with a higher frequency and severity of gastrointestinal disorders, supporting the inclusion of systematic gastrointestinal assessment as part of comprehensive care for children with ASD.